MacOS – Xcode stuck on installing

Maybe this thread on Apple Support Communities is what you're looking for.

It sounds like it is, indeed, a cache problem. From the thread above, it'd seem you'd need to find the cache in the /private directory. I'll include specific instructions, inspired by the thread:

1. Open Terminal (/Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app)
2. Type in this command: sudo find /private/var -iname "com.apple.appstore" and press Enter
3. For each of of the found directories run rm -r <dir path>/* (For the brave: sudo find /private/var -iname "com.apple.appstore" | xargs sudo rm -r)

Okay, solved: I just clicked the "Purchased" tab in my App Store, and it looks like it was installing the entire time.

This was extremely confusing, because for some reason there was absolutely no indication in the Updates tab that Xcode was installing or downloading (as there usually is for updates), so I didn't even realize that it was installing. There was also no indication in the "App Search" Panel where I got the page for Xcode with the install button on it, i.e. when I clicked the button, the only thing that happened was the button changed to "installing", and there was no progress bars or statuses anywhere in sight, so I wasn't sure if it was actually installing or just hanging.

I just realized, since I DELETED the entire Xcode the very first time, when I'm installing Xcode it doesn't count as an Update, so that's why it does not appear in the Updates tab. I guess when I searched for Xcode in the App store, and clicked Install, it was installing in the Purchased tab.