If you are carrying the Macbook from outside (cold) to inside (warm & humid), you may want to consider bagging the Macbook in a sealed plastic bag (Ziplock or similar), so the condensate will form on outside of the bag, not the Macbook.
If the Macbook is in a case, a bag, or sleeve, the case should supply some insulation to shield the Macbook from the cold for a short time.
Photographers in cold regions use the plastic bag trick frequently to protect their equipment.
The condensate problem is NOT caused by heating up too fast, it is caused by metal parts exposed to cold, dry air transferred to a warm (relatively) humid environment. The cold surfaces, like laptop cases or lenses, act as a collection surface for the inside air water vapor.
The Macbook probably has a minimum operating temperature recommendation of minus 5C or so.
Try to avoid leaving the macbook in a place (car) where the machine will go into a cold soak as to damage the Li-polymer battery. The battery construction is essentially a layer of foils & gels, and does not take well to deep freezing. I had a co-worker forget a Windows laptop overnight in a pickup truck, during a -10C night, and the laptop never had useable off-mains battery life again.
Assuming the Macbook has a SSD, the major components susceptible to cold damage are the battery, display & keyboard.
AFAIK, you can leave the laptop charging all the times it is convenient to do so. The harshest treatment is a daily use of deep discharge cycles, taking the battery to a low state (under 30%), then recharging to 100%, the back to 30% again.
I'm using a 13" MBP that I travel with, and it shows about 400 battery cycles; by comparison, an at-home 15" MBP, plugged-in almost all the time, shows only 55 battery cycles after more than 3 yaers of use.
It should be perfectly OK to use the machine whilst charging.
I still don't understand your question.
You want to plug it in but not charge the battery? Why?
My vague understanding about batteries speaking with hardware repair shops, etc. is that it's no longer truly worth worrying about. You charge when you can, you use the battery when you must. While plugged in, the battery charges until full and then stops charging. Presumably, at that point, it's using the power cord and not the battery.
The other thing that I seem to recall is that it's all about the charge cycles. You want to keep that number down. So, if you work from home one day, it would be better to leave it plugged in all day because that would only be one cycle (assuming you plugged it in first thing in the morning). If you plugged it in until it was charged, then unplugged it and used it until it was low on battery, then repeated, that would be 2, 3, or 4 charges during the day depending on how you use the computer.
So, what I've heard from people much more knowledgeable than I, is that the potential gains you might experience doing "the right thing" are not worth the effort required to realize those gains.
Best Answer
No. Slower charging is always healthier for the battery and the chemistry since it reduces heat.
Lithium chemistry service life is severely degraded at high charging temperatures (hotter than any device would charge, but the higher the temp the fewer cycles you will get on average).
As long as you can abide by slower charging, there is no other downside to your scenario.