While in the Finder, go to the "Finder" menu and select "Preferences".
From the "General" tab, place a check next to "Hard disks" -- this will make your hard drive visible on the Desktop.
From the "Sidebar" tab under "Devices" again place a check next to "Hard disks" -- this will put your hard drive in the sidebar of any finder window, and should also add it to "Open", "Save", and "Save As..." dialog sheets (as well as others)
If you are an administrator on the computer you should have no trouble adding files and folders to the root directory (/)
As bmike mentioned, the default settings are not used for folders that have folder-specific settings saved in a .DS_Store file. You can just delete .DS_Store files though:
sudo find / -name .DS_Store -delete; killall Finder
Best Answer
You can see the file count by enabling Status Bar in Finder. To do this, click View -> Show Status Bar on the menu bar, or press Command + /.