I can't find any way to enable read receipts for messages on Mountain Lion.
Read receipts are the iOS term for acknowledgements that show wether or not a message has been read yet or not.
Does Messages for Mountain Lion support read receipts at all?
Best Answer
From the Messages app section of the Apple Mountain Lion "what's new" page:
According to this OS X Daily post, you can send read receipts in the Message app by following these steps:
Screenshot from this post:
I can confirm the presence of the checkbox on my own Mac.