internationalizationkeyboardmacos
On my iOS7 devices (iPhone 5, iPad Air), I added a Korean keyboard and I can operate it effectively.
On the Macbook Air, I added the "3-Set Korean" input source and I cannot operate it effectively. (Some characters are not available, and those that are do not stack correctly. I am a beginning Korean writer.)
How can I get the iOS7 version of the Korean keyboard, or something very like it, to work on OSX Mavericks?
The good news is that this part should almost always 'just work' on OS X and iOS devices. Encodings are usually handled intelligently, Unicode fonts are installed, and font substitution does its job.
If you do encounter problems, be sure to specify the encoding as Unicode (UTF-8) when saving. If your text editor doesn't allow you to specify an encoding, it's a fairly safe bet that this is what it's using.
Since Markdown files are plaintext, you don't have to worry about fonts. If you are using rich formatting, though, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode, and Apple Symbol are all good options. But, again, OS X and iOS generally switch to another font seamlessly when the main font doesn't support a character.
Both OS X and iOS include built-in text replacement tools that will let you insert your symbols easily.
OS X
Open System Preferences-> Language and Text-> Text and click the [+] button. Choose a keyword to be expanded and paste in the special character. You'll have to create snippets with unique keywords for each character.
iOS
Copy a special character. Open Settings-> General-> Keyboard-> Shortcuts and tap the [+] button. Paste the character under Phrase and enter a unique keyword under Shortcut. Tap save. Again, you'll have to create snippets with unique keywords for each character.
If you like, you can use the excellent TextExpander to do the same thing, but it isn't necessary in this case.
Option/alt + ñ on the Spanish ISO layout, followed by a or o gives you ã and õ.
To make a custom layout, use Ukelele
http://scripts.sil.org/ukelele
PS If you are running 10.7, you can also get those characters by holding down the a and o keys until the Character Picker popup menu appears.
Best Answer
Switch to the 2-Set keyboard layout. Let us know in detail if there is anything about that which is not working the way you want.