MacOS – Apps crashing on OS X Server 10.6 with segmentation fault

I am running into a strange issue on a web server running OS X Server 10.6.8. Any app I try to open ends up crashing immediately with a segmentation fault. This goes for gui apps like Safari or Calculator, but also command line tools like xcodebuild. Apps that are currently running seem to continue running, but no new apps can be launched.

$ xcodebuild -version
Segmentation fault

Here is the crash log for xcodebuild:

Process:         xcodebuild [38950]
Path:            /Developer/usr/bin/xcodebuild
Identifier:      xcodebuild
Version:         ??? (???)
Code Type:       X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:  bash [38887]

Date/Time:       2014-09-26 10:48:45.110 -0400
OS Version:      Mac OS X Server 10.6.8 (10K549)
Report Version:  6

Exception Type:  EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV)
Exception Codes: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x000000010f0e5400
Crashed Thread:  0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Thread 0 Crashed:  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore  0x00007fff82f81639 _SCUniverseGetEntryAddress + 76
1   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore  0x00007fff82f876d3 FileIDTree_FindVolumeRecordFromDeviceID + 41
2   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore  0x00007fff82f875ff FileIDTreeGetVRefNumForDevice + 72
3   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore  0x00007fff82f87547 FSMount::FSMount(unsigned int, FSMountNumberType, short*) + 73
4   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore  0x00007fff82f85c19 PathGetObjectInfo(char const*, unsigned int, unsigned int, short*, unsigned int*, unsigned int*, char*, unsigned int*, unsigned char*) + 296
5   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore  0x00007fff82f85a48 FSPathMakeRefInternal(unsigned char const*, unsigned int, unsigned int, FSRef*, unsigned char*) + 114
6   com.apple.Foundation            0x00007fff87799e20 -[NSFileManager directoryContentsAtPath:matchingExtension:options:keepExtension:error:] + 154
7   com.apple.Foundation            0x00007fff87799d84 -[NSFileManager contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:error:] + 35
8   com.apple.Xcode.DevToolsCore    0x000000010010002c -[XCPluginManager findAndLoadPluginsInDomain:] + 404
9   com.apple.Xcode.DevToolsCore    0x00000001000fa789 XCInitializeCoreIfNeeded + 3718
10  xcodebuild                      0x000000010000a864 0x100000000 + 43108
11  xcodebuild                      0x0000000100001c04 0x100000000 + 7172

Here is a crash log from Calculator.app. As you can see, they bare a lot of similarities (_SCUniverseGetEntryAddress, FileIDTree_FindVolumeRecordFromDeviceID, etc).

Process:         Calculator [39201]
Path:            /Applications/Calculator.app/Contents/MacOS/Calculator
Identifier:      Calculator
Version:         ??? (???)
Code Type:       X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:  launchd [65837]

Date/Time:       2014-09-26 10:52:46.112 -0400
OS Version:      Mac OS X Server 10.6.8 (10K549)
Report Version:  6

Exception Type:  EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV)
Exception Codes: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x000000011fb9d800
Crashed Thread:  0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Thread 0 Crashed:  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore      0x00007fff82f81639 _SCUniverseGetEntryAddress + 76
1   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore      0x00007fff82f876d3 FileIDTree_FindVolumeRecordFromDeviceID + 41
2   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore      0x00007fff82f875ff FileIDTreeGetVRefNumForDevice + 72
3   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore      0x00007fff82f87547 FSMount::FSMount(unsigned int, FSMountNumberType, short*) + 73
4   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore      0x00007fff82f85c19 PathGetObjectInfo(char const*, unsigned int, unsigned int, short*, unsigned int*, unsigned int*, char*, unsigned int*, unsigned char*) + 296
5   ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore      0x00007fff82f85a48 FSPathMakeRefInternal(unsigned char const*, unsigned int, unsigned int, FSRef*, unsigned char*) + 114
6   com.apple.Foundation                0x00007fff87799e20 -[NSFileManager directoryContentsAtPath:matchingExtension:options:keepExtension:error:] + 154
7   com.apple.Foundation                0x00007fff87799d84 -[NSFileManager contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:error:] + 35
8   com.apple.AppKit                    0x00007fff86701fc7 +[NSBundle(NSNibLoading) _loadNibFile:nameTable:withZone:ownerBundle:] + 286
9   com.apple.AppKit                    0x00007fff86701dd9 +[NSBundle(NSNibLoading) loadNibNamed:owner:] + 326
10  com.apple.AppKit                    0x00007fff866ff35b NSApplicationMain + 279
11  com.apple.calculator                0x0000000100001940 0x100000000 + 6464

So, what gives? I am tempted to reboot, but with an issue this severe I worry that the OS might not come back up at all.