MacBook Pro 2016 won’t charge even on power adapter

PS: when I use my friend's magsafe it charges my MacBook Pro.

Sorry if this is too obvious, but if your friend's magsafe charger indeed charges the battery without any problems, then it certainly seems like the problem is in your charger. (Somewhere in it; the cord, magsafe adapter, or some other part.)

I looked into the amount of current available from a USB charger when investigating how to charge multiple iPhones / iPads simultaneously. Below is something I learnt that might be relevant.

There are several different ways that a charger can "tell" an iPod how much current it can provide - the iPod can't determine this directly. If the charger is a computer, it will communicate this through a data transfer (similar to transferring MP3 file data).

But a simple charger won't use this method. Instead, there are various standards (some proprietary, I believe!) which specify how much current can be provided, by providing certain voltages at the data lines. USB has four pins: one ground, one power, and two data. For example, apparently 2.8V on one of the data pins and 2.0V on another means "you can draw up to 1 amp". See this link for some detail, although I think some of that is out-dated.

I'd guess that the LG adaptor doesn't provide the signalling that the iPod expects. I don't know a way to resolve this, other than to try a different adaptor - sorry.