MacBook – HDD not recognized by MacBook

hard drivemacbook prorecovery

My MacBook Pro 9,2 suddenly cannot boot anymore (I see a question mark). I started it in recovery mode and disk utility does not seem to see any HDD plugged in. I removed the HDD and I placed it inside a USB adapter, and it seems to be properly recognized by another Linux machine. Then I tried to boot the mac recovery system and the HDD is properly recognized from the same USB case.
Then I tried to install a SSD unit inside the macbook: recovery system can recognize the SSD properly.
Any idea why the macbook seems to suddenly be unable to detect a regular old original HDD when installed with the SATA connector while still being able to detect SATA SSD and to detect anything plugged via USB?
I also tried to reset NVRAM and PRAM, nothing changed.

Best Answer

A brief answer - more educated guess than absolute certainty...

The prime suspect would be a failing SATA cable - starting to go intermittent [which of course makes diagnosis harder] - but cheap enough to just replace & see.
It is a relatively common issue.