Mac Numbers Shortcut Help

Unfortunately, it does not appear so. In fact, when you check the "Accounting Style" button, you may notice that the $ symbol up in the toolbar actually gets deselected. From Numbers's perspective, accounting style is different from the standard currency style present in the toolbar.

You can, if you like, define your own custom cell style that does what you want. You can see here, I've added an "Accounting" style in the drop down menu:

And my "Accounting" style is defined like this:

Really, though, I don't know that accessing things through the drop-down menu is going to be any more convenient for you than just hitting the "Accounting Style" checkbox.

This currently isn't possible. Conditional highlighting will only run the condition on the cell that the rule has been applied to.

To change the appearance of a cell based on its cell value, create a conditional highlighting rule.

^{Source: Add conditional highlighting to cells — Numbers Help for Mac; emphasis mine.}

The only exception to this is for conditions where a comparison is required — a second value can be referenced in the rule.

Click to use a cell reference. A cell reference lets you compare the cell’s value to another cell—so, for example, you can highlight a cell when its value is greater than another cell’s. Click a cell to select it, or enter its table address (for example, F1).

^{Source: Add conditional highlighting to cells — Numbers Help for Mac.}

As a workaround, you could duplicate (or reference) the column A and place it next to column D, applying the conditional highlighting to that column instead. It won't be highlighting the cell with the data, but it'll give you something to glance at next to the data.