It is possible you have an email account with "Notes" enabled on your iPhone, but don't have the same account set up on your Mac.
On your iPhone, in the Notes listing, tap "Accounts" in the upper left corner. Mentally review those accounts.
On your Mac, click the Navigation icon that shows two lists next to a box, and makes sure the accounts are the same.
If the accounts aren't the same, setup the missing accounts on your Mac in Mail Preferences. Also, if you have an Note "Account" on your iPhone that is named something like "On my iPhone", transfer those notes to an account that syncs. You can accomplish that by, tapping the Share icon in the note, tap "Copy", tap "Notes" to view your list of notes, tap "Accounts", tap an account that will sync to your Mac, tap the "+" icon, tap and hold, paste the note that. (Hopefully you don't have too many notes that need that action).
This is a kernel panic and will occur when your Mac cannot possibly continue operating, and can be caused by either hardware or software.
The easiest way to determine whether it's a hardware or software problem is to boot into Recovery Mode. Restart your Mac and hold down ⌘ Command +R until the Apple logo appears on screen. If you see the following screen then there's a fair change the problem lies within the software of your Mac. You will probably need to reinstall your OS.
This article has more steps you can go down to help isolate the issue
If you still get the same error when trying to boot into the alternate Recovery OS, that would indicate a problem with the hardware of your Mac. Try removing as many peripherals as you can and reseating the RAM.
In the event of a problem with your hardware, I would recommend you get in touch with an Apple Authorised Service Provider to take a look at your mac, or check out Apple Support
Best Answer
Go to System Preferences -> Internet Accounts and see if you have any old email accounts there. If you do, then delete them.
Also, you could go to System Preferences -> iCloud, and try to switch Notes off and then on again.