What is the behaviour if not all devices support Messages in iCloud?
Do the supported devices sync to iCloud and the older devices continue to receive messages as normal, not synced?
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What is the behaviour if not all devices support Messages in iCloud?
Do the supported devices sync to iCloud and the older devices continue to receive messages as normal, not synced?
The only way you can do what you want is to turn off iMessage in each device that uses the same AppleID, where you do not wish it to receive iMessages associated with the AppleID.
I too share my AppleID with my family, but I share it so that there is a singular iTunes account where all devices can access the apps and music purchased on the shared account. (Family share does not work well).
The trick is have multiple AppleIDs. Dedicate one to iTunes, but then provide one for each user for iCloud. I don't want messages, photos, and other iCloud connected items to be shared, so the shared AppleID is used ONLY for iTunes. For iCloud uses, each person has their own AppleID, that they use for iCloud purposes. These family members do not use their own iCloud accounts for iTunes.
iTunes AppleID: all devices log into iTunes using this AppleID Personal AppleID: each device is logged into iCloud using a personal AppleID.
Generally speaking, the answer is no. Messages are saved on Apple's servers for up to 30 days, but only if the message has not been confirmed as received by the device. Even if it was still on the server, there's no way to get the server to resend it to your device. Nor is there a way to sync messages between devices.
You could save Messages history off your iPhone with something like iExplorer, but there's no way to integrate that into the Messages app on your Mac.
As far as them disappearing when you rebooted, under Messages > Preferences ensure "Save history when conversations are closed" is enabled.
Best Answer
That is exactly how it works. The devices that have Messages in iCloud enabled will sync amongst themselves, while older devices will keep working as they always did.
More precisely: