google-chrome
When browsing the web with various inputs and other keyboard actions, traveling from the keyboard to the touchpad to right click is fairly obnoxious.
Google Chrome offers a "Translate to English" option in it's right click menu, something I find myself having to use often as I browse sites with English and another language.
Is it possible to invoke this option via a keyboard shortcut, or other non-mouse based method?
You can pinch to zoom, which will simulate Command ⌘+ and Command ⌘-
You can also try the extension, which was mentioned by in Danijel's answer.
Otherwise, you can hold down Control ^ and the screen will zoom in and out. It ends up looking like this though (which I don't think you want):
Per your comment that "a way to delete the browser cache completely" may be suitable, you can go to the Chrome menu → Settings → Privacy and clear the cache.
Best Answer
Enable Always translate in Chrome, that way you do not have to do anything. If it is already English page it will not change.
Additionally tell Chrome to Offer to Translate
One more piece of information, I have set up my Chrome to Auto Translate German, and it works, when it is completed it shows this tiny icon on the right side