Unfortunately, Keynote '09 can't achieve such a feature. You can, however, this feature has been added in the 2013 version of Keynote.
Enable the presenter view (in this example, I'm going to use the "Rehearse Slideshow" feature).
If you don't see the presenter notes, go to the top right corner of the screen and select the middle icon, then check off the "Presenter Notes" box.
Now that you see the presenter notes, it may not look like you can edit them at first, but if you slide your cursor to the top right corner of the notes box, the "Edit" button will appear. Click on it, and start typing (you can also edit it by double-clicking anywhere on the box).
Hope this helps.
(P.S.: For some reason, I'm unable to upload any pictures in order for me to show you better. Once StackExchange fixes those bugs, I'll update the answer with the appropriate pictures).
You can create an iBooks presentation which allows you to do this. Whenever I have multiple presentations in one topic, I combine them into an ibooks, which allows you to embed several keynote presentations onto one "slide" or "page". Plus it looks really good -- you just click (or tap in iPad) and the embeded keynote will display. Hope this helps.
Best Answer
Assuming one is using Keynote 6 (OP did not state version used.), one way to create a Table of Contents or Handout is to use the Print dialog.
This can be printed to PDF for handouts. One way to customize would be to create a duplicate copy of your presentation then edit the copy before printing the outline.
Edit After printing the outline to PDF, one can create a new slide at the beginning of the presentation and insert the PDF outline onto the slide.