History commands render incorrect on Bash Vi mode

Try to edit the .profile or .bash_rc file on the terminal

 /usr/bin/vi ~/.profile

and see if one of the software has put stuff in there that should not be there (especially if one has put up a messed PATH command there). (Alternately but less likely affected are /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/vi /etc/profile or /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/vi /etc/bashrc).

If you don't know how to use the VI editor, you can also use /usr/bin/nano instead of /usr/bin/vi

For a start, until you find where this happens, editing the .profile (see above) you can put the following command as the last command to the end of your ~/.profile file.

export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin

This should at least give you back access to your normal commands.

Your prompt is messed up, specifically PS1:

PS1=$[\033]0;37m]

that's missing a lot of escape characters (\e[) needed for the colors (and most useful parameters for a PS1). That's also why you get the 37m in the terminal window title. Try setting it to something different by running:

export PS1="\e[0;31m[\h:\W \u]\$\e[m "

and see if that works. It should give a red (thats \e[0;31m) prompt showing hostname (\h), current working directory (\W) and logged in user (\u) inside brackets [] and the bash exit status of the previous command (\$). Note that at the end the color is reset to the default of the session with \e[m .

If the above worked, you only have to find out from which configuration file your "bad" PS1 comes from: look for an "export PS1=" line in ~/.profile, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bashrc, (as M K already suggested in his answer) and put in the above version.

There are a lot of answers around here with helpful colors codes and inputs for configuring the PS1, like this one for example.