Force an App to Open Full Screen in a Specific Desktop Space

It seems that what you are doing does not work the first time, but after 2 tries, it does. So do this to the 'When switching to an application, switch to a space with open windows for the application':

1. Turn it OFF in System Preferences → Mission Control
2. Turn it ON
3. Turn it OFF again.

You could also try typing this in Terminal:

defaults write com.apple.dock workspaces-auto-swoosh -boolean NO

...but that is said to only work in OSX Leopard on the website above but 'jgl777' over here said that it worked on his 10.8.3 Mountain Lion, so it's possible it could work on Mavericks. I would advise backing up if you do this, but you should be doing that even if you don't want to use this method!

Another option is to Ctrl + Click the application's icon in the dock and then click open in new window, this will open it in the current Desktop and a new window of the app.

If I have understood your question correctly, you can achieve this by the following:

1. Launch Mission Control
2. Add a new desktop by clicking Add to the right
3. Drag the desktops in order of preference
4. Exit Mission Control
5. Navigate to the desktop you want an app to open on then right-click the app icon in the dock, choose Options and select This Desktop underneath Assign To (this assigns the selected app to the active desktop in either full screen or normal maximised views)

Note that when you drag the desktops, the naming will always be ordered numerically from left to right. So if you began with a single desktop, adding any subsequent desktops will change the name of the original desktop to Desktop 1. If you drag another desktop to the left of Desktop 1 then Desktop 1 will become 2.