Can you try and see if executing this in the terminal changes modes?
<route to app>/gfxCardStatus.app/Contents/MacOS/gfxCardStatus --discrete
Other available commands are --dynamic and --integrated. If that works, a workaround solution would be to automatically launch that command on wakeup.
I ran into a similar issue a while back. You will need to diagnose the video card with a diagnostic utility
1) Download, burn, and boot Ultimate Boot CD. There are a number of video utilities you can run that will test out your video card for you. Since you are no longer booting OS X when you boot this CD, you are bypassing any software issues you may be experiencing from Apple and OS X.
There is a USB Flash Boot Drive option instead of a CD (I personally use this).
This will tell you if your video chip is good or bad. If it fails at any point, then it is a safe bet that you have a hardware issue. If everything passes, it's on to step 2.
2) Install a pervious version of OS X; Mavericks or Mountain Lion will do. The best way is to boot from a USB drive (don't overwrite the HDD in your MBP). A small USB drive is fine 10/20 GB is more than enough. This is just to install OS X 10.9.x or 10.8.x so you can do some diagnostics.
Do a Time Machine Backup First! Just in case you accidentally select the internal drive when doing this procedure.
Do a fresh install of ML or Mavericks on the USB HDD. Let it wipe and partition the drive.
3) Boot from the USB HDD (hold down the option key before the boot chime to select boot device). Install Chrome and watch videos as you normally would. If everything works properly, you have narrowed down the problem to Yosemite. Which means you will probably have to wait for a fix from the folks at Apple.
At that point, you have really only two options: downgrade to Mountain Lion or Mavericks or wait for an update to Yosemite.
Best Answer
Lack of screen refreshing is often a sign of something failing in the video card or perhaps even a damaged/corrupted video driver. This is a bit problematic on a Mac as it is rarely even possible to remove and re-install a video driver, which would be a simple and free first step.
Depending on what is going on you may want to update (or re-upadte) your system with the latest combo updater. With the hopes that it will re-install or update the current video driver with a 'clean' version.
I would, however, be tempted to run a cleaner/maintenance app to make sure there are no corrupted cache files and all necessary maintenance scripts and disk/filesystem repairs are done before running the combo updater. My recommendation would be the free utility Onyx. Download and run it (First quit out of all open apps), give it your password and allow it to verify your disk. Then use the automation tab and let it do it's thing. Reboot when done and apply the Combo updater.
After that reboot if the issue has not gone away and you are sure it is not related to any specific app or family of apps (like all your Adobe apps that might share a graphics library...) it may be a hardware issue, which could be diagnosed at an Apple store with a Genius Bar appointment.
If you want to try one more thing and have the time and equipment, you might consider installing a fresh copy of macOS on an external drive along with one or two of the apps that demonstrate the issue most readily. Possibly even a different version of the OS than you currently use. This would show if the combo updater really fixed any video driver issues and guarantee a clean OS and application install. In effect eliminating any and all software variables lurking in your current system,