It appears to be, as you suspected, the Android emulator that is causing the issue. Some users have filed an issue on Google Code. If you scroll down past all of the "Me Too's," you'll actually find useful information; there appears to be a workaround involving /Applications/Eclipse.app/Contents/MacOS/eclipse.ini for some.
I increased the heap space used by Eclipse, and haven't experienced this problem since.
In eclipse.ini I used the following values:
--launcher.XXMaxPermSize256m
-Xms256m
-Xmx1024m
The same issue has a duplicate. In this thread, they mentioned a slightly different method where they added -vmargs between --launcher.XXMaxPermSize256m and -Xms256m
And I assume you've installed Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager, as this is a requirement for the Android Emulator. However, in the comments, people note that it doesn't work with Mountain Lion and they had to disable it for Android Emulator to work.
For your question about the number of installs Lion from the App Store will give you, this is directly from Apple's EULA (emphasis added):
(i) to download, install, use and run for personal, non-commercial
use, one (1) copy of the Apple Software directly on each
Apple-branded computer running Mac OS X Snow Leopard or Mac OS X Snow
Leopard Server (“Mac Computer”) that you own or control;
So, assuming that this is for personal, non-commercial use, Apple lets you install Lion as many times as you like on the Macs that you own or control.
Try it with:
sudo adb start-server
Use your own password.
Opening port 5037 doesn't require privileged access, but there are some other flaky things with adb such as file/device permissions, etc. to which your own user account might not have access.
Best Answer
This solution helped me, https://stackoverflow.com/a/49511666/641611
Modify the PATH was enough,